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How to make a failed design project?

如何做一个失败的设计项目?


2017-12-01

Having done so many curtain wall projects,has always been a summary of successful experiences, and few review failures. As we look back, we find that the old sentence is correct: successful projects have the same process and path; and failed projects have different reasons.

Fundamentally analyzing a failed design project requires great courage. But only in the face of unsatisfactory projects, exploring the reasons for not achieving the desired results is the driving force behind our progress.


做过那么多幕墙项目,从来都是总结成功的经验,鲜有回顾失败的心得。因为再回首,发现那句老梗是对的:成功的项目都有相同的流程与路径;而失败的项目各有不同的原因。

从根本上剖析一个失败的设计项目需要很大的勇气。但只有面对那些不尽人意的项目时,去探寻没有达到意想结果的原因才是我们在原基础上进步的助推之力。

For design projects, it is crucial to understand the design intent of architects and structural engineers from the outset. The layout of different systems of building facades, the selection of material styles, the color texture of materials, the transition of different systems, the scope of facades, whether the scales are in line with the limitations of physical rules, the limitations of cost indicators, the emphasis on the size of system details, and specifications Strong compliance or not. Every place needs careful study and attention in the design process.


对设计项目而言,从一开始深刻地理解建筑师与结构工程师的设计意图是至关重要的。建筑立面不同系统的布置,材料样式的选择,材料的颜色质地,交接的处理过渡,立面范围的明确,尺度是否合乎现实物理规则的限制,成本指标的限制,系统细节尺寸的强调,规范强条的遵守与否等。每一个地需要仔细研究,在设计过程中加以注意。


The relationship between the layout of the structure and the skin of the curtain wall has always been the focus of our concern. It is also a basic common sense for every designer of the curtain wall. There are quite a few cases of installation problems because they do not have a profound understanding of the layout of the main structure and are designed according to habits. As a result, the curtain wall keels cannot be set aside. Therefore, the beam and floor structure drawing is the basic structural basis for the design of the curtain wall structure, especially the layout of the embedded parts. According to experience, the cantilever design of the edge structure, the thickness of the floor, and the corners is the most problematic area. 


结构布置与幕墙表皮的尺寸关系一直是我们关心的重点,也是每一个幕墙设计师必备的基础性常识,相当多出现安装问题的案例就是由于没有深刻地理解主体结构的布置,按习惯性设计而导致幕墙龙骨无法安放藏身。因此,梁板结构图是幕墙结构设计,特别是埋件布置的基础性文件依据,根据经验,每一层的边沿结构梁,板厚,特别转角凹凸位置的悬挑设计是出现问题的重灾区。


These above-mentioned purely theoretical considerations require patience and meticulous research, exploration and verification. The test is intention or not.

For the design phase of the curtain wall itself, more is the use of personal design experience and the implementation of design principles. Safety, economy, aesthetics, waterproof leakage and installability, these principles need to be paid attention to in the design of each detail from beginning to end and continue to review.


上面这些偏向于纯理论性的注意点需要耐心细致的研究,揣摩与核对,考验的是用心与否。

对于幕墙本身的设计阶段,更多在于个人的设计经验积累的运用,及对设计原理的贯彻。安全,经济,美观,防水渗漏性及可安装性,这些原则需要在每一个节点的设计中从始至终加以注意及不断审核。


We know that people have wisdom, but they can't be complacent because they can only get thoughtful results when they are thoroughly thought out and reinvented. More often than not, the ideas we started with were vague and inappropriate. We think that perfect ideas are often flawed and impossible to achieve. Even if we carefully consider all the details, the final result may still be missed.


我们知道人是拥有智慧的,但却不能因此沾沾自喜,因为只有经历深思熟虑与轮回揣摩,才能周全地获取预想结果。在更多时候,我们一开始的想法是模糊的,不恰当的。我们认为完美的思路很多时候却是破绽百出,无法实现的。即使我们深刻考虑各个细节,最终的结果仍可能失之毫厘,谬之千里。


I usually like to design some small things in life. Take the following two objects as an example:


我平时在生活中喜欢设计一些小物件,以下面两个物件为例:

• Stainless steel clothes rack. In general, the desired drying clothes function can be basically achieved. Outer dimensions of the hangers are suitable, taking small site area, the support structure is reasonable, and the child-friendliness does not affect the children's activities on the rooftop; however, the only drawback is that the first position is not close enough to pull the hook and the arm is loose. Although the bottom brace balancing measures of the second point have been taken into consideration, due to the lack of balance at the top, a slight shaking phenomenon occurs.


• 不锈钢晾衣架。整体上基本可以实现预想的晾衣功能。衣架外挑尺寸合适,场地占用面积小,支撑结构合理,对儿童友好,不会影响小朋友在天台的活动;但唯一的缺陷就是第一位置拉勾臂夹贴不够紧密,有点松动。虽然已经考虑了第二点的底撑平衡措施,但因顶部平衡性不够,出现小晃动现象。

• Mobile phone pockets. Many power banks will give away bags, some will be wasted. After my design and my mother's careful sewing, the following figure can be easily fixed mobile phone; it will not occupy a large place. However, due to the inaccurate size control, the bottom is slightly loosened.


 车载手机布兜。很多充电宝会赠有布袋,一些会浪费放着不用。经过我的设计与母亲大人的细心缝制,下图这个基本可以方便地固定手机,也不会占用很大地方。但因对尺寸控制不够精确,导致底部有一点松动。

From the above two small cases, our thinking is very limited. For example, a hammer cell phone had a variety of production problems at the beginning. Luo Feizi, a layman, took for granted his previous successful cross-border experience in the manufacture of mobile phones. He thought that with the imagination in mind, he could create perfection. It can be seen that whether it is the IT industry's APP development, physical product development in real life, or even drawing design, it can only be perfect through continuous iteration or modification.

The curtain wall industry's PMU test system is an effective measure to make up for the limitations of human thinking. However, we regard it as a tight spell on Sun Wukong's head. We cannot foresee all the possibilities, just as the human complexion and thinking gossip that humans are proud of eventually lose to artificial intelligence:


从上面这两个小的案例说明,我们的思维是有很大的局限性。譬如锤子手机在一开始就出现各种各样的工艺生产问题,作为门外汉的罗胖子想当然地把他以前成功跨界的经验用在手机制造上,以为凭任头脑中的想象就可以打造出完美的产品。可以看出,无论是IT行业的APP开发,还是现实生活中的物理产品开发,甚至于图纸设计,都只能通过不断的迭代或者修改来达到完美。

幕墙行业的样板测试制度是弥补人类思维局限性的有效措施,奈何我们却视之为孙悟空头上的紧箍咒。我们无法预知所有可能性,就如人类引以为荣的双具复杂性与思维性的围棋最终败给人工智能一样:


Before Ke Jie, many world champions, including Pu Tingjun, Chen Yaoyi, Fan Tingjun, Tang Weixing, Yan Ting Yueshi, Jin Zhixi, and Jiang Dongrun, all fell under Master's "Muzzle." But this also means that Ke Jie's "world first" is also insignificant before Master.

After losing two straight games on Dec. 30, Ke Jie expressed his feelings in Weibo at night:

"The millennium mankind's actual exercise evolution, the computer tells us that humans are all wrong..."

Although no one knows whether the Master is a machine or a human, world-renowned players insist that this mystery player must be an upgraded version of AlphaGo, because no human being can sleep without a few games and even “encourage” almost all world champions.


毕竟在柯洁之前,包括朴廷桓、陈耀烨、范廷钰、唐韦星、芈昱廷时越、金志锡、姜东润在内的多名世界冠军都接连倒在Master的“枪口”之下。但这也意味着,柯洁的这个“世界第一”在Master面前也显得微不足道。

早在12月30日连败两局后,柯洁彻夜未眠在微博发表感慨:

“人类千年的实战演练进化,计算机却告诉我们,人类全都是错的……”

虽然没有人知道Master究竟是机器还是人类,但世界名将们却坚称这个神秘棋手一定为AlphaGo的升级版,因为没有人类能够不眠不休连战多局,甚至能够“围剿”几乎所有的世界冠军。


What we can do is to test and test the feasibility of the results through physical templates. If the expected results are not achieved, we must look for the reasons, redesign the design, make prototypes again, test... and achieve satisfactory results. . Take a swing perforated aluminum panel project as an example:


我们能做的就是通过实物样板来测试并检验结果的可行性,如果没有达到预想的结果,就必须寻找原因,重新完善设计,再次制作样板,测试......直止取得满意的结果。以一个摆动穿孔铝板项目为例:


• First, the design concept is based on the treatment of a black steel frame, but the actual steel frame is silver. Even after the hole is opened, the steel plate is not treated for rust prevention. The rust has already appeared since it was first put into use. .


 其一:方案设计考虑的是黑色的钢架处理,但实际的钢架却是银色;甚至开孔后的钢通没有做防锈处理,在刚开始投入使用就已经出现锈迹斑斑的现象。

• Second, the perforated aluminum plate of the scheme design can move with the wind. However, due to the lack of a prototype model for testing, the thickness of the selected aluminum plate is too large and the bolt hole is too small. Under the action of the daily breeze, there is no significant dancing effect. It is a very big regret.


 其二,方案设计的穿孔铝板是可以随风舞动的,但由于没有做样板模型进行测试,选择的铝板厚度过大及螺栓孔过小,日常微风作用下没有出现大幅度的舞动效果,留下非常大的遗憾。


At the project site, more problems occurred because the construction did not follow the shop drawing. Take the reason of shortage of material supply, long-term cycle to trespassing design intent, or cutting corners and using inferior materials to cross the sea under camouflage -- to practice deception, all these may lead to the bad physical effects. This is also the fundamental reason of the poorly-produced curtain wall project in reality. 


项目现场,出现问题的时候更多是因为没有按图施工。以材料供应短缺,周期过长为由,擅改方案,或者偷工减料采用低劣材料以瞒天过海等,都有可能导致最终施工实物效果与图纸设计意图南辕北辙,这也是现实中出品很多的差强人意幕墙项目的根本原因。


Some of the on-site construction conditions have changed, but the size and relationship between the project department and design department have not been updated for the first time. As a result, the material sent to the site could not be fitted to the actual size, and holes, edge seams, etc. will affect the appearance. This is why we often say that why the details of many projects have not been done well and can only be viewed from a distance.


部分现场施工条件情况有变,但项目返尺与设计没有第一时间更新图纸的尺度关系,导致送至现场的材料无法拟合实际尺寸,进而出现孔洞,边缝等过大影响美观的现象。这也是我们常说为什么非常多项目细节做得不好,只能远观,不能近看的原因。


• Take the first point of the picture below as an example. The color of the aluminum penel is inconsistent. At the second point, it is obvious that the three interfaces are not well handled. For the third point, this position can be felt because of the closing settlement. In a hurry, scrawl. The 4th point is because the ground does not take into account the elevation coordination problem. Because there is an inclination angle outside the room and there is a height difference with the room, it is necessary to set a small-sized stone panel at the bottom of the stone facade to close the edge.

• 以下面图片第1点为例,收口铝板颜色不一致;第2点为例,明显三个交接面没有得到很好的处理;第3点为例,此位置因为收尾结算原因,可以感觉到是急急忙忙,潦草地处理。第4点是因为地面没有考虑标高配合问题,由于室外存在倾斜角度,与室内是有高差尺寸,导致需在石材立面底部设置一块小尺寸石材板块收边,瑕已掩瑜。

More possibilities in reality are the low production technology of material suppliers, the lack of quality control, the large deviation of the material sent to the site, the distortion of the shape, the unsatisfied surface quality protection, scratches, pits, and bumps. These have a direct impact on the appearance of the project.


现实中更多可能性就是材料供应商生产技术低下,质量控制形同虚设,送至现场的材料尺寸偏差过大,造型变形扭曲,表面质量保护不到位,刮花,凹坑,磕碰等。这些都直接影响到了项目的外观效果。


Unlike hardware products, architectural projects are individual customization. Every project needs to be carefully tracked from beginning to end, trying to design, process, produce and install according to the actual situation on site. Considering the time difference and period of each stage in a comprehensive manner, the test is not only a response from a momentary or an angle, but a series of simulations in order to avoid the trap of thinking defects.

Although the process is painful, it is what we must pursue.


建筑项目与硬件产品不一样,基本都是个性化定制。每一个项目从始自终均需要用心跟踪,根据现场实际情况想方设法地设计,加工,生产,安装 。综合考虑每个阶段的时差与周期,考验的不只是一时或者一个角度的应对措施,而是通盘的串连模拟,以避免思维缺陷的陷阱。
虽然过程很痛苦,不过却是我们必须追求的。